These peels only penetrate into the epidermis, are similar to a good exfoliation, giving an instant brightening and smoothing of the skin. As they are so superficial there is rarely any downtime as a result of the treatment. Superficial peels are the ‘lightest’ peels and are really the only type of peel that can be used as a ‘lunchtime peel’. Hence increasing depth will increase the risk of possible complications.
Chemical peeling side effect skin#
However, the depth of peel also represents the amount of injury caused to the skin and so will have an effect on the length of downtime, or ‘healing time’. Not surprisingly, the deeper the penetration of the peel, the greater the changes achieved. The depth to which each specific peel penetrates when applied to the skin affects the clinical outcomes achieved. They are divided into three categories: superficial, medium and deep peels. Skin peels are classified by their depth of penetration. This technique stimulates epidermal growth, with collagen stimulation in the underlying dermis, giving a tightening effect and a more even distribution of melanin. As the healing occurs there will be an improvement in the skin’s texture and appearance. They are designed to introduce a controlled injury to the skin to a specific depth. Different types of chemical peelsĬhemical peels are a means of rejuvenating the skin by removing the keratin layer of dead skin cells that sits on the skin’s epidermal surface and also by stimulating the production of new healthy epidermal cells. Scientific work continued into the 70s and 80s and at the same time, the use of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) was developed by Van Scott and Yu for more superficial treatment. The use of chemical peels really started to gain momentum in the 1960s as modified solutions of phenol were developed and histological assessment comparisons were drawn between phenol and TCA. It is not surprising that these doctors used phenol in the early days of skin peels, particularly in patients with scarring, as in current day practice this is classed as a ‘deep peel’. Interestingly, despite this publication date, he had actually been using phenol peels since 1903. However it was not until 1952 that George MacKee published his results in England, using phenol for the treatment of scarring. In 1917, during World War I, Douglass Montgomery made reference to his use of phenol under bandages for healing and ‘beautifying’ the skin. It was following his reports that other authors started publishing their work. In 1882 in Germany, Paul G Unna described the use of salicylic acid, resorcinol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and phenol on the skin. In 1874, a dermatologist in Vienna called Ferdinand von Hebra, used peeling techniques to treat pigmentation conditions such as melasma, freckles and Addison’s disease. These ancient records show us that skin care has been important, particularly to women, through much of history. Other treatments included poultices containing substances such as sulphur, mustard and limestone, which were used to fade freckles and to even the skin. The active ingredient responsible for the use of grapes was tartaric acid. In Roman times, people were conscious of their skin and would use fruit such as grapes to exfoliate their skin. In addition, they used other substances such as animal oils and alabaster to improve the skin’s texture. This sour milk contained lactic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid, which rejuvenates the skin. Early records show that they were used by ancient Egyptians when women used to apply sour milk to their skin. As professionals it is important to understand the different types of peels in order to be able to make an informed decision about which one should be used for which patient and how they should be used. Over recent years we have seen a surge in skin peels used in clinics and the range of skin conditions and disorders they can treat is now considerable. Generally chemical peels are a safe procedure, but only if used correctly and with caution. They are an affordable procedure for patients and significant results can be achieved. Chemical peels form an important part of most aesthetic and cosmetic practices.
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